How blended finance can reorient cautious private investors to infrastructure

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How blended finance can reorient cautious private investors to infrastructure

After decades of private sector growth, private capital holds most available global finance. The rise of private wealth coincided with the decline of public wealth in developed countries, which now hold zero or even negative shares in total wealth due to significant public debt burdens, according to the 2022 World Inequality Lab Report. Moreover, the 2023 IMF Global Debt Monitor revealed that global public debt reached 90% of GDP in 2022, a dramatic increase from the 30% recorded in the early 1970s. 

Against that backdrop, private capital mobilization has taken center stage as a solution to bridge the infrastructure financing gap of around $3 trillion a year. 

Despite their ample resources, private financers often view infrastructure investments as high risk. These perceived risks are the result of a complex set of issues, such as large asset sizes, long project life cycles, complex structuring, large initial irrecoverable costs, political and regulatory changes, wariness of citizens to accept privately run services due to perception of higher prices, and the lack of tradability of infrastructure assets. 

This is where blended finance comes in—as a way to improve risk-adjusted returns and mobilize private capital to close infrastructure financing gaps.

Blended finance uses catalytic capital from public or philanthropic sources to reduce risk and costs, improve returns, and mobilize private capital. However, most blended finance currently used to mobilize private capital heavily relies on government financial support and collaboration between the public and private sectors.  

Blended finance can be used more effectively: blended finance infrastructure deals attracted 40 cents of private capital for every $1 worth of public or philanthropic money during 2013–2023, according to our Infrastructure Monitor 2023 report based on the Convergence database. Governments are seeking to take things even further, calling for innovative and scalable blended finance approaches, including de-risking instruments and solutions that most effectively use limited public funds to maximize private capital investments.

Encouragingly, some infrastructure deals are mobilizing large amounts of private capital using blended finance approaches and show pathways for increasing private investment. Around 10% of blended finance infrastructure deals mobilized more than $2 for every $1 worth of public or philanthropic money used to implement blended finance approaches. These deals are the ones that addressed the unique risks of infrastructure projects emanating from the high initial barriers to entry and market gaps, in a sustainable, optimal, and innovative manner.


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